Upstream processing is a fundamental aspect of bioprocessing, particularly in fermentation. It encompasses the initial steps involved in the production of bioproducts, focusing on the...

Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. They play vital roles as building...

PEGylation, the process of attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules to another compound, notably proteins or peptides, has gained considerable attention in the fields of biochemistry...

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a groundbreaking class of therapeutics that combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the potent cytotoxic effects of small-molecule drugs....

Fermentation contract manufacturing has emerged as a vital player in the production of various biological products, from pharmaceuticals to food and beverages. This intricate process involves...

In recent years, mRNA vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary tool in the fight against infectious diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. These vaccines utilize...