Tooth pain is one of the most common yet distressing dental complaints people experience. While the cause could be as minor as sensitivity or as serious as infection, in some cases, the best solution lies in a treatment known as root canal therapy. Though the term may sound daunting, a root canal is a highly effective and often painless procedure that can save your natural tooth and relieve severe discomfort.
In this blog, we’ll walk you through what a root canal treatment really involves, when and why it might be necessary, and what to expect during and after the procedure. Whether you’re currently facing dental issues or simply want to be informed, this guide will help you understand the purpose and process of this essential treatment.
What Is a Root Canal Treatment?
A root canal is a dental procedure used to treat infection at the centre of a tooth, which is also known as the pulp. The pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue that help the tooth grow during development. Once a tooth is fully formed, however, it can function without the pulp.
Root canal treatment is carried out when the pulp becomes infected or inflamed due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures, cracks, chips, or trauma. If left untreated, this infection can cause pain, lead to an abscess, and ultimately result in tooth loss.
The aim of the treatment is to remove the infected pulp, clean and disinfect the inside of the tooth, and then fill and seal it to prevent further damage or reinfection.
Why You Might Need a Root Canal
Not every toothache means you need a root canal, but several signs can indicate that this treatment may be necessary. These include:
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Persistent or severe tooth pain, especially when chewing or applying pressure
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Prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures
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Darkening or discolouration of the tooth
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Swelling or tenderness in nearby gums
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A recurring pimple on the gums (which may indicate an abscess)
These symptoms suggest that the inner tissue of the tooth is compromised, and a root canal may be the only viable option to save it.
The Root Canal Procedure – Step by Step
Contrary to popular belief, modern root canal treatments are no more painful than having a routine filling. Dentists use local anaesthetic and advanced tools to ensure patient comfort throughout the process. Here’s a closer look at how the procedure typically unfolds:
1. Examination and Diagnosis
The dentist begins by examining your tooth, often using X-rays to determine the extent of the infection. If a root canal is deemed necessary, the treatment is scheduled, and you may be prescribed antibiotics if there is active infection or swelling.
2. Anaesthesia and Access
Before the treatment begins, the area around the affected tooth is numbed using local anaesthetic. Once numb, the dentist places a protective sheet (called a dental dam) to keep the area dry and free from saliva. An opening is then made in the tooth to access the pulp chamber.
3. Removal and Cleaning
The infected or damaged pulp is removed using specialised tools. The canals inside the root are cleaned thoroughly to eliminate bacteria, and shaped to prepare for filling.
4. Filling and Sealing
After cleaning, the empty canals are filled with a rubber-like material known as gutta-percha. This seals the tooth and prevents future infection. In most cases, a temporary filling is placed to close the opening.
5. Restoration
At a follow-up visit, the dentist will remove the temporary filling and restore the tooth permanently. This often involves placing a crown to protect the tooth and restore its function and appearance.
What Happens After the Treatment?
Recovery after a root canal is generally smooth. You may experience slight sensitivity or discomfort for a few days, especially if the tooth was infected beforehand. Over-the-counter pain relief is usually sufficient, but your dentist may advise prescription medication if necessary.
It’s important to avoid chewing on the treated tooth until it has been fully restored to prevent damage. Once the crown or permanent restoration is in place, the tooth should function normally and feel no different from your other teeth.
Maintaining good oral hygiene and attending regular dental check-ups will help ensure the success of the root canal in the long term.
Is a Root Canal Always the Best Option?
In many cases, a root canal is the best way to preserve a natural tooth and avoid extraction. Keeping your natural tooth has several benefits:
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Better chewing efficiency
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Maintains natural appearance
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Prevents surrounding teeth from shifting
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Preserves jawbone structure
However, if the tooth is severely damaged, or if the infection has spread extensively, extraction might be the only viable option. Your dentist will discuss all alternatives and recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your situation.
Myths and Misconceptions About Root Canal Treatment
Despite being a common and safe procedure, root canals are often misunderstood. Let’s address some of the most frequent myths:
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“Root canals are very painful.”
With modern techniques and anaesthesia, root canals are generally no more uncomfortable than a regular filling. -
“It’s better to extract the tooth.”
Extraction may be necessary in some cases, but saving the natural tooth is usually the healthier and more cost-effective option long-term. -
“The tooth is dead after a root canal.”
While the pulp is removed, the tooth itself is still alive and functional, supported by surrounding tissues.
How Long Does a Root Canal Last?
When done properly and followed by a suitable restoration (like a crown), a root canal-treated tooth can last for decades—even a lifetime. Proper care, including brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits, plays a big role in the tooth’s longevity.
When to See a Dentist
If you’re experiencing tooth pain or suspect an infection, don’t delay seeking help. Early intervention increases the chances of saving the tooth and prevents complications. Root canal treatment is a safe, reliable way to restore your oral health and keep your natural smile intact.
At MD Dental London, we offer expert root canal treatments using the latest techniques and technologies to ensure patient comfort and lasting results. Our experienced team is here to provide you with clear guidance and compassionate care every step of the way. If you’re in need of a consultation or suspect a root canal may be necessary, contact us today to take the first step toward a healthier smile.
