Kidney fibrosis is a condition where kidneys are damaged due to an accumulation of extracellular matrix. It is the final stage of multiple kidney diseases and can cause kidney failure. Kidney fibrosis causes include chronic kidney injury, inflammation, injury, maladaptive repair, and sustained tissue injury. When a person has kidney fibrosis, the symptoms include low urine output, high blood pressure, swelling in the lower extremities, anemia, fatigue and weakness, and discolored or foamy urine.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 10% of adults globally, leading to kidney fibrosis—a condition characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in kidney tissue. This fibrosis is a primary cause of kidney function loss and failure. Current treatments, such as dialysis and transplantation, are expensive and do not cure the disease. Countries like India, China, South Africa, and South Asia are experiencing a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease, which includes kidney fibrosis, because of a combination of factors like high diabetes, poor access to healthcare, and environmental exposures.
Research has focused on the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family, which plays a significant role in fibrosis. Efforts to inhibit TGFβ signaling have shown promise in preclinical models but have not yet met clinical expectations. Additionally, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications may slow kidney function decline and potentially decrease fibrosis. However, the inability to use in vivo renal imaging technologies prevents accurate assessment of their anti-fibrotic effects.
Recent advancements offer new hope for CKD treatment:
- Targeting Pro-Fibrotic Signaling: Developing drugs that inhibit pro-fibrotic pathways or stimulate cell repair and metabolic reprogramming is a favorable strategy.
- Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery: Utilizing nanotechnologies for kidney-specific drug delivery could enhance treatment efficacy and minimize side effects.
Choosing the right kidney treatment can be a significant concern for South African citizens, impacting them financially. They should seek additional guidance and a second opinion from Tiru Tena.
Author: Tiru Tena
Located in the heart of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tiru Tena provides essential medical services aimed at supporting patients with overseas treatment requirements. We specialize in scheduling appointments and offering second opinions on critical health issues.
