When discussing all-time- favorite industrial tools, the lathe machine stands out because of it’s flexibility. It’s ability to shape the materials into precise forms, makes it the most demanded tool in the construction, aerospace, and automotive industries among others. This guide aims to discuss lathe machine, components, and their operations.
What is a Lathe Machine?
It is a versatile cutting tool that shapes the wooden and metal objects. It furnishes a wooden or a metal piece by rotating it around its axis while the stationary cuts the workpiece in the desired shape, removing the unwanted material in the process.
Components of Lathe Machine
The major lathe machine components are:
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Headstock:
This component is located on the left side of the machine and provides rotational power to the main axis. It consists of some major machine-controlling functions like changing gears and changing the speed.
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Bed:
It is a horizontal base of the machine that supports the headstock, tailstock, and carriage.
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Tailstock:
It is located on the opposite side of the headstock and supports the other end of the workpiece while giving it a precise shape.
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Carriage:
It is responsible for the moment of the cutting tool. It can move both in the longitudinal or perpendicular direction.
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Apron:
It is a control panel that is located in the front of the chopping machine. It is responsible for the movement of the carriage, cross- slide and other parts of the machine.
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Spindle:
It is responsible for holding and rotating the workpiece.
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Turret:
It is the portion where the tool is attached and moves to chop the workpiece in the desired shape.
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Lead Screw:
It is a long studbar, which is located parallel to the bed.
These are some of the major components of the shaping tool and it is vital to keep these components lubricated for their effective functioning and durability.
Operations of Lathe Machine
The heavy-duty lathe machine is an extremely versatile tool that can be used for various functions apart from shaping the material.
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Turning:
It is the process of removing material from the surface of the workpiece to create a cylindrical shape.
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Facing:
It involves cutting the end of the workpiece to create a flat surface. It is a crucial process if you want a clear surface before giving a definite shape to the workpiece. It prepares the workpiece surface for other operations like drilling or turning.
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Boring:
To achieve a precise diameter of the hole, boring is done to enlarge the hole and get a smooth finish. In this process, the boring tool is mounted on the top of the workpiece. As the machinery rotates, the boring tool cuts inside of the hole, enlarging it’s size. It is essential if the hole needs to be of a precise size and have a smooth finish.
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Parting:
It is the process of cutting off the workpiece while it is rotating on the lathe. In this operation, a narrow, blade-like cutting tool is used, which is perpendicular to the workpiece. As the machinery spins, the blade slowly gets inserted into the rotating workpiece creating the desired cut. The lathe’s lead studbar ensures that the tool moves at an accurate rate to form accurate threads.
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Knurling:
It is the process of creating regular, cross-patterned texture on the surface of the workpiece. This is typically done to create a better grip. A knurling tool consists of two-toothed rollers, which are pressed against the rooting workpiece. It creates a series of fine marks on the surface of the workpiece which gives it a textured finish. This kind of texture is great for door knobs and tool handles which gives the user a good grip.
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Polishing:
Apart from shaping the material, it also functions to polish the surface of the workpiece. It helps in removing the imperfections on the workpiece surface and provides a polished and smooth finish.
Final Words
It’s unbeatable versatility in shaping the materials makes it an essential part of the modern manufacturing industry. It is continuously evolving to meet the diverse industry needs. If you too are planning to get a lathe machine, then this post is for you. It is essential to understand how the lathe machine works and the above-mentioned terms are essential to understand. If you are looking for an economical and durable option, then ‘Surelia Industries’ lathe machines are the one for you. You will find here a wide range of customized designs for your specific needs.
